There are 3 main parts involved to create an x-ray image: Diagnostic radiology of the urinary system.Bone fractures (see also radiographic signs of a fracture).Perforation of hollow organs (free air).Diagnostic radiology of abdominal organs:.Pneumothorax (air in the pleural space).Sarcoidosis ( bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy).Cardiac insufficiency (signs of congestion, cardiac enlargement see also diagnostic tests of the cardiovascular system).Pleural effusion (blunting of the costophrenic angles).Diagnostic radiology of thoracic organs:.Some examples of when x-ray is important include: The American College of Radiology offers ACR Appropriateness Criteria®, which are evidence-based guidelines intended to help healthcare providers in making clinical decisions regarding imaging for a wide variety of diagnostic and interventional topics. Indications for x-ray vary greatly, depending on the problem, patient history, guidelines used, and institution/physician preference. Accordingly, the threshold for indication is higher for children and pregnant women, while, generally, the radiation dose should be maintained as low as reasonably possible (ALARA principle). Because of the health risks involved in exposure to ionizing radiation ( cell death, teratogenicity, carcinogenicity), radiographical studies are bound to high safety standards (e.g., proper shielding) and should only be performed when medical need and benefit exceed the health risks associated. Contrast radiography uses a contrast agent to highlight certain structures not clearly distinguishable from other structures on plain x-ray (e.g., blood vessels). Radiography plays a key role in the evaluation of thoracic and abdominal organs, bony structures, the breast ( mammography), blood vessels ( angiography), and the urinary system (cystourethrography, urography). Computed tomography, which employs rotating x-ray generators and detectors to produce three-dimensional images, is covered in a separate article. A detector situated behind that object captures the x-rays that pass through the object on photographic film or a digital medium. Depending on its density and structure, the object absorbs or scatters a portion of the x-rays. It involves an x-ray generator projecting an x-ray beam towards an object. Conventional (projectional) radiography produces two-dimensional images of the object studied. Radiography is an imaging technique that employs x-rays ( high-energy electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength between UV light and gamma rays) to visualize internal structures of the body for diagnostic purposes.
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